Tokyo 2020 organisers had recommended the five sports and their own preliminary analysis and these were then approved by an IOC study panel and the executive board before winning unanimous support en bloc from the full IOC.
The IOC had said it hopes the “innovative” move will draw in new audiences by focusing inclusions on youth-oriented sports. It had foreseen the decision as possibly “the most comprehensive evolution of the Olympic programme in modern history.”
Baseball/softball: Both sports are hugely popular in Japan. Softball is a modified form of baseball with seven innings instead of nine, as well as underarm bowling.
Karate: Having originated in Japan, karate has never been contested at the Olympics. Judo, its fellow home-grown martial art, first joined in 1964, when Tokyo last hosted the Olympics, and has been included from 1972 onwards. The key difference is that judo is a grappling sport derived from jujitsu while karate is a striking, combat martial art.
Skateboarding: Street and park skateboarding have been included ahead of other roller sports including roller hockey, speed skating and artistic skating. The sport claims to be the most popular among young people. Its inclusion has been questioned by some as skateboarding does not have a world championship event.
Surfing: The inclusion is seen as a milestone for the sport given its popularity among young people. The International Surfing Association president Fernando Aguerre said: “Surfing embodies a cool, playful lifestyle that would add a completely new element to the programme, helping the Games reach new fans.”
Sport climbing: Last year, sport climbing was chosen by the IOC as a demonstration sport at the Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing, China. Unlike most Olympic sports, sport climbing competitions see athletes support – even help – their opponents in finishing the climb. It is seen as the “most innovative” of the new sports by the IOC.
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